SELF-ACTUALIZATION AND INTELLIGENCE
Abstract. This text explores the concept of self-actualization and its relationship with intellectualism, as well as the differences between these notions in Western and Russian cultures. Self-actualization, initially introduced by Kurt Goldstein and later developed by psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, is described as the drive of an individual to realize their inner potential and reach the highest levels of personal growth. Maslow emphasizes that achieving self-actualization is possible only after fulfilling basic needs, whereas Rogers highlights that self-actualization is a continuous process.
In the context of Russian intellectualism, the author discusses its historical role and contrasts it with the Western understanding of intelligence and self-actualization, underscoring the importance of moral and cultural norms in shaping behavior. In Russia, intellectualism is viewed as a deeper and more complex concept, related to self-identification, cultural independence, and spiritual development. While self-actualization is perceived in the West as a means to attain personal happiness, in Russia, the focus shifts to the essence of intellectualism, which demands inner conviction and moral orientation.
The text highlights that contemporary Russian society is witnessing a revival of intellectualism, which, although not numerous, plays a significant role in the spiritual and cultural growth of society. The author notes that despite the differences in the perception of self-actualization and intellectuality, common ground can be found between these two concepts, which is essential for a deeper understanding of Russian cultural identity and the role of intellectualism in the modern world.
Key words: self-actualization, Kurt Goldstein, Abraham Maslow, personal growth, potential, basic needs, self-development, Carl Rogers, process, genuine self-expression, Everett Shostrom, meta-needs, manipulation, Max Lüscher, feelings, harmony, four-colored person, mentality, love, security, deep interpersonal connections, values, artificiality, intelligentsia, individuality, humanism, cultural development, Russia, openness, upbringing, social norms, awareness, generation, morality, intelligence, class principle, educational process, pseudo-intelligentsia, self-consciousness, opposition, modernity, perception, personal ideals.
Smyslov Dmitry – is a Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Doctor of Science, honoris causa (IANH), Associate Professor at the Moscow Institute of Psychology, and a practicing psychological consultant.
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